Conclusions to AVOID!













Repeating the introduction—it is never a good idea to repeat what you said in your introduction: ESPECIALLY NOT YOUR THESIS—never repeat your thesis verbatim. An introduction and a conclusion serve two different purposes. One introduces the reader to the topic, and the other wraps up the ideas expressed and points proven in the essay. The conclusion should always strive to capture the points of the body paragraphs in addition to the introduction.


A new direction—do not introduce a topic different than the one your essay has been about.

New resources, proof, and evidence—you should never use additional source materials in a conclusion to prove new points. You should be proving your points and using your sources in the body paragraphs. The only place a source can be used in a conclusion would be the final sentence to leave the reader with a famous quote of some sort. Other than that, never add new material to prove your point in the conclusion paragraph. Use your body paragraphs for proving your point.

A sweeping generalization—never try to conclude more than you have reasonably proven in your body paragraphs. Your conclusion should never have a sweeping generalization in it. See page 152 of your textbook for examples.

An apology—never apologize for your writing or cast doubt on what you have written. Always display confidence in your writing and the sources you have used to prove the point of the essay. Never write things like I may not be an expert but…or This is my opinion, and you are free to have your own. First of all, these types of statements are written in the 1st person voice. Secondly, they cast doubt on you and your writing.

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